{"name":"Dayspan Glycine study ledger","source":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/studies","note":"Each row links its original study and related ingredient evidence or Glycine formula context. Verdicts concern this formula, not every use of an ingredient. The finished Dayspan Glycine combination has not been clinically tested.","entries":[{"ingredient":"Glycine","study":"Yamadera et al. 2007 · Inagawa et al. 2006 (Sleep and Biological Rhythms)","design":"Human polysomnography (sleep lab)","funding":"Authors affiliated with Ajinomoto, an amino-acid manufacturer","verdict":"included","note":"3 g before bed shortened time to fall asleep and time to reach slow-wave sleep; sleep architecture unchanged.","href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2007.00262.x","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/ingredients"},{"ingredient":"Magnesium bisglycinate","study":"Schuster et al. 2025 (Nature and Science of Sleep), N=155","design":"Randomized controlled trial","funding":"Academic","verdict":"included","note":"Insomnia-severity scores improved vs placebo — a small effect; every secondary measure showed no difference.","href":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12412596/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/ingredients"},{"ingredient":"L-theanine","study":"Bulman et al. 2025 (Sleep Medicine Reviews), 18 RCTs, N=897","design":"Independent meta-analysis","funding":"No industry ties","verdict":"included","note":"Self-rated sleep quality improved; objective sleep recordings did not move.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40056718/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/ingredients"},{"ingredient":"GABA","study":"Yamatsu et al. 2016 (Food Science and Biotechnology), N=10","design":"Human EEG, single-blind crossover","funding":"Authored by employees of the ingredient manufacturer","verdict":"left out by design","note":"100 mg shortened EEG-measured sleep latency in a one-week crossover of 10 poor sleepers; most other outcomes did not reach significance. Historical research only: GABA is not included in the current five-active Glycine formula.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30263304/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Saffron extract","study":"Lopresti et al. 2021 (Sleep Medicine), N=120","design":"Randomized controlled trial, sleep-diary endpoints","funding":"Funded by the extract's manufacturer","verdict":"included","note":"28 mg one hour before bed improved sleep-diary ratings vs placebo over 28 days; no sleep-lab measurement. The 2020 trial (N=63) dosed 14 mg twice daily.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34438361/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/ingredients"},{"ingredient":"Zinc","study":"Saito et al. 2017 (Molecular Nutrition & Food Research), N=120","design":"Human trial with actigraphy","funding":"Industry-authored","verdict":"included","note":"The trial supplied zinc in a food, not as the Dayspan formula. That material difference limits transfer to this product; the finished five-active combination has not been clinically tested.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28019085/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/ingredients"},{"ingredient":"Apigenin","study":"Primary GABA-A electrophysiology (four independent labs)","design":"Bench electrophysiology","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"No human sleep trial of isolated apigenin exists at any dose; ~99% water-insoluble; the bench work shows inhibition, not enhancement.","href":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087128/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Ashwagandha","study":"NIH LiverTox monograph","design":"Safety database","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"Best sleep-trial evidence of anything we rejected — cut on safety: graded a likely cause of clinically apparent liver injury; banned in Danish food supplements.","href":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548536/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Melatonin","study":"Sleep-architecture research (slow-wave suppression, spindle increase)","design":"Human sleep research","funding":"—","verdict":"left out by design","note":"A timing signal, not a sedative; pooled sleep-onset effect ≈7 minutes. It does change sleep architecture, contrary to the industry line.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649737/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Valerian","study":"Valerenic-acid mechanism and human pharmacokinetics","design":"Mechanism + human PK","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"Real mechanism, unreachable dose: human blood levels miss the functional requirement by roughly a thousandfold.","href":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7585905/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Alpha-ketoglutarate","study":"Ongoing placebo-controlled trial (NCT05706389)","design":"Ongoing randomized trial — no sleep endpoint","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"No human or animal sleep evidence at all; its actual literature is lifespan and 'biological age' work.","href":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05706389","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Resveratrol / polydatin","study":"Four human trials with sleep as a secondary endpoint","design":"Human trials, secondary endpoints","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"All four null. The one title suggesting otherwise was an NAC + lactoferrin + 59 mg resveratrol combination in interferon-treated hepatitis C patients. Also inhibits warfarin clearance.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26005723/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)","study":"Pre-registered randomized sleep trial with actigraphy","design":"Randomized controlled trial, objective measurement","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"A fair test, failed: all three pre-registered primary endpoints missed. The easiest possible exclusion.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34684514/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Ellagic acid / urolithin A","study":"Two sleep trials in diagnosed patients","design":"Trials in diagnosed patient populations","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"One reports a baseline sleep efficiency of 8.8% — physiologically impossible, and quoted unchallenged in a peer-reviewed review. Urolithin A has no sleep endpoint in any trial.","href":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5015040/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Myo-inositol","study":"Single randomized trial, 2 g nightly, third-trimester pregnancy","design":"Randomized trial in one specific population","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"A real subjective result, never replicated in ordinary poor sleepers. Citing it to you would be borrowed evidence.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32933356/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"},{"ingredient":"Oxaloacetate","study":"2024 RESTORE ME randomized trial (ME/CFS, fatigue endpoint)","design":"Randomized fatigue trial in a disease population","funding":"—","verdict":"rejected","note":"Sleep appears nowhere as an outcome. Fatigue and sleepiness feel adjacent, which is exactly why the distinction matters.","href":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39664752/","page":"https://dayspan.vercel.app/glycine#formula-choices"}]}